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Tai yra literaturinis kursinis darbas pagal Hemingvejaus romana "Kam skambina varpai". Sis darbas titu rasant knygos analize arba rasant panasios temos literaturini darba. Destytojos patikrinta ir istaisyta.

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 4
1. Biographical facts: Hemingway and Spanish Civil War 6
2. Love and death of “code hero”Jordan 7
2.1 Maria’s and Jordan’s love 9
2.2 Emphasis on the running out time 11
3. Killing as a part of guerrillas’ life 13
4. Symbols of life and death 17
CONCLUSIONS 20
SUMMARY IN LITHUANIAN 21
REFERENCES 22

INTRODUCTION
E. Hemingway (1899-1961) is a renowned American author of the Twentieth century who centres his novels on personal experiences and affections. He is a representative of the "The Lost Generation." His novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) deals with three days in the life of the Hemingway hero, named Robert Jordan, who is fighting as an American volunteer in the Spanish civil war. He is sent to join a guerrilla band in the mountains to blow up a strategic bridge. He spends three days and nights in the guerrillas’ cave where he falls in love with Maria. He successfully destroys the bridge, however, is wounded in the retreat and is left to die. On the other hand, “he has come to see the wisdom of a sacrifice, and the book ends without bitterness” (Unger, 1972, 254)
The critics state that “for one thing the love story, if not sentimental, is at any rate idealised and very romantic” in this novel and “none of his books had evoked more richly the life of the senses, had shown a surer sense of plotting, or provided more fully living secondary characters, or liverier dialogue.” (Lee, 1983, 78).
Malcolm Cowley’s introduction to The Portable Hemingway was among the first essays to describe Hemingway’s romantic tendencies. “The publication of The Old Man and the Sea left little doubts of Hemingway’s romanticism, and there is a general agreement among critics that the romantic impetus had always been Hemingway’s fiction.” (Wylder, 1969, 132)
The critic Rovit calls the novel as a “fable” (ibid, 131) where “Robert Jordan as the protagonist follows the mythical journey of the hero in a modern setting (ibid, 129)
Hemingway’s biographical facts are closely connected with what he describes in his novel. Spanish civil war has left a great trace in his mind and soul as well as the suicide of his father. All these features can be found in the novel and are introduced in the first part Biographical facts: Hemingway and Spanish Civil War of the essay and are illustrated with quotations in later parts.
Love and death of “code hero” Jordan is the part of the essay which dwells on the Hemingway’s code hero Jordan and his love to Spanish people along with love to Maria as well as his looming death throughout the novel. Here the hero is a lover, a soldier as well as a martyr of the cause. This part is divided into two subparts Maria and Jordan’s love and Emphasis on the running out time to emphasise the most important points concerning Jordan. They deal with Jordon’s love to Maria and the influence of the lack of time on their love.
The third part Killing as a part of guerrillas’ life has to do with the inevitable necessity to kill in the war, which is revealed through the characters of Jordan, Anselmo and Pablo. Killing as well as the war comes from the corruption of human morality, and not all the characters in the novel can justify killing for the cause.
For Whom the Bell Tolls is a book about people struggling for their lives and doing their best to not to die themselves but kill as much of their enemies as possible. Here life is very fragile and end does not come unexpectedly while death symbols prevail throughout the novel. This is what the last part Symbols of life and death deals with.
Conclusions sum up the essential points of the essay. They are followed by the Summary in Lithuanian.
For Whom the Bell Tolls is a remarkable novel not only for its historical significance, but also because it so pertains to the current problems the world is facing in the contemporary world.


1. BIOGRAPHICAL FACTS: HEMINGWAY AND SPANISH CIVIL WAR
While growing up Hemingway was very close to his father Dr. Clarence Edmonds (Ed) who taught his son to shoot, fish, and camp when he was a boy. Ed was also a strict father, with harsh discipline and often argued with his wife, Grace. In 1928 Ed killed himself with his father's revolver from the Civil War.
In 1918 Ernest Hemningway was called to the war to drive an ambulance for the American Red Cross in Italy. There he was severely wounded in both legs, but saved another man's life, and was awarded a medal of honour from the Italian army. This experience rid him of any romantic notions of war for he became restless and often thought of death.
Hemingway had spent extensive time in Spain during the 1920, and was especially interested in the annual festival of San Fermin in Pamplona in mid-summer, where the running of the bulls took place. It is here that he was introduced to the Spanish tradition of bullfighting. He was absorbed in the people and the culture and especially obsessed with bullfighting about which he wrote in Death in the Afternoon (1932) and used some images in For Whom the Bell Tolls. In 1937, Hemingway was sent to Spain to write about the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance. The war had broken out in 1936, as large landowners, military, the church, and monarchists, supported by German and Italian fascist forces, revolted to defeat the Republican, pro-democratic government which had replaced the monarchy in 1931. Hemingway sided with